Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *ela- <PIH *H->

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to move, to drive

Hittite: halai- (II) 'in Bewegung setzen' (nach unten?) (Tischler 126); halija- (I) 'niederknien, niederfallen', caus. halinu- (Tischler 130)

Old Indian: iyarti `to go, move', med. ī́rte `to go, move, rise, go away, retire'

Avestan: gath. īratū `er soll sich erheben'

Armenian: elanem `komme heraus, steige hinauf', eɫanim `werde'

Old Greek: iállō, aor. iǟ́lai̯ `absenden, ausstrecken'; *élami (arg. pot-elátō, ko. elántō), eláō, eláu̯nō, aor. elás(s)ai̯, pf, med. elǟ́laka, aor. pass. ela(s)thē̂nai̯ `treiben, stossen, schmieden', élasi-s `Zug, Heerzug, Ritt, Vertreibund usw.', ? élatro-n `flacher Kuchen', elatḗr `Treiber, Wagenlenker', `flacher Kuchen', elátǟ-s `Treiber', elató- `geschmeidig, getrieben'

Germanic: *al-t-ia- vb.

Russ. meaning: двигать, гнать

References: WP I 155 f

Proto-IE: *(e)lAig'-

Meaning: to jump, to spring, to play

Old Indian: réjati, -te `to go, to cause to tremble or shake; to shake, tremble, quiver'

Other Iranian: NPers ālēxtan `springen, ausschlagen (von Pferde)', Kurd be-lezium `tanze', līzim `spiele'

Old Greek: elelízdō, ptc. elelíkhthōn, aor. eléliksa, elélikto, ps. elelikhthē̂nai̯, pd. md. eléligmai̯ `erschüttern', md.-ps. `zittern, erschüttert werden'

Baltic: *laîg-ī̂- vb.

Germanic: *laik-a- vb., *laik-a- m., *laik-i- c.

Russ. meaning: прыгать, скакать, играть

References: WP II 399 f

Proto-IE: *(e)lemgh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to scold, to accuse

Old Greek: eléŋkhō, aor. ps. eleŋkhthē̂nai̯, pf. elḗlegmai̯, 3 sg. -ŋgtai̯ `beschimpfen, schmähen, tadeln, zu Schanden machen; beschämen, übertreffen, überführen, widerlegen, beschuldigen usw.', éleŋkhos n. `Schimpf, Schande', éleŋkho-s m. `Überführung, Widerlegung', éleŋksi-s f. `id.', eleŋktḗr m. `der überführt'

Baltic: *lam̂g=ā̂- (1) vb., *lamg-ā̂ f.

Celtic: MIr. lang 'Scham, Betrug, Verrat'

Russ. meaning: ругать, обвинять

References: WP II 436 f

Proto-IE: *(e)lengʷh-

Meaning: light (not heavy)

Tokharian: B lankŭtse 'light' (not heavy) (Adams 544)

Old Indian: laghú-, raghú- `light, quick, swift', r̥hánt- `small, weak, powerless'; laṅghati, laṅghayati 'to leap over', ráṃhati, raṅghate `to hasten, speed, run'

Avestan: ragu-, f. rǝvī 'flink'; rǝnǯaiti, rǝnǯayeiti 'macht leicht, flink, lässt sich bewegen'

Old Greek: elakhǘ-, élakho- `klein'; elaphró- `leicht, behend, schnell, gering'

Slavic: *lьgъkъ(jь), *lьgā/*lьʒā, *lьgotā; *lę̄gātī, *lę̄gā

Baltic: *leñgw-a-, *leñgw-u- adj., *lañg=

Germanic: *linx-t-ia- adj.; *lung-iz-a- adj.; *lung-an- n., *lung-Vn=

Latin: levis, -e `leicht; schnell; sanft, leise; gering, unbedeutend; leichtsinnig'

Celtic: *lagjōs > OIr comp. laigiu (/ lugu) `kleiner, schlechter', sup. lugimem, lugam; lagat `parvitas'; MCymr comp. llei `minor', sup. lleiaf; NCymr comp. lai `minor', Corn comp. le `minor', OBret *comp. nahu-lei `nihilominus', MBret lau `klein, schlecht'; OIr lingid 'springt', lēimm 'Sprung'

Albanian: l'eh, l'éhεtε leicht

Russ. meaning: легкий

References: WP II 426 f

Proto-IE: *elen-, *lān- <PIH *e->

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: deer

Hittite: alija(n)- 'roe(buck)' (from the Hitt.-Hurr. bilingua, Puhvel 1991)

Tokharian: A, B yäl 'gazelle' (Adams 485)

Armenian: eɫn, gen. eɫin `Hirschkuh'

Old Greek: elló-s `Hirschkalb'

Slavic: *elenь, gen. *-e `Hirsch'; *lānь

Baltic: *al̂n-ia- m., *al̂n-ja- m., *áln-iā̃ f.; *lān-ik-[a]- m.

Celtic: Gaul Elembiu Monatsname = Greek Elaphēboliṓn; *el^ǝn-tī > OIr elit `Reh'; Cymr elain f. `Hirschkuh'; Gael lon `Elentier'

Russ. meaning: скот (олень)

References: WP I 154 f

Proto-IE: *(e)lent-

Meaning: a tree with soft or flexible wood (larch, lime, liana); soft, flexible

Old Indian: latā `creeper, creeping plant'

Old Greek: elátǟ f. `Fichte, Tanne'

Slavic: *lǭtъ Lindenbast

Baltic: *leñt-ā̂

Germanic: *lindi-ṓ(n-) f., *lind-iá- n., *lind-ian- m., *lind-iōn- f.; *línɵ-a-, *línɵ-i- adj.

Latin: lentus, -a `biegsam, gуschmiedig; zähe; langsam, träge'

Russ. meaning: дерево (с мягкой или гибкой древесиной - пихта, липа, лиана); мягкий, гибкий

References: WP II 437 f

Proto-IE: *(e)leudh-

Meaning: to come

Tokharian: A, B lut- 'drive out, expel' (Adams 557)

Old Greek: ft. eléu̯somai̯, aor. ḗlüthon, pf. hom. ẹ̄lḗlou̯tha, elūlou̯thṓs, nachhom. elḗlüka, pl. elḗlümen, kyren. ptz. kat-elēleuathüi̯ `kommen, gehen', act. (dor.) eleusíō `óisō' (Hsch.), aor. (Ibyk.) eléu̯sān, gortyn. ep-eleu̯sei, ep-eleu̯sai̯ `bringen'; éleu̯si-s f. `Ankunft'; ép-ēlüs, -üdos `fremd', né-ēlüs, -dos `neuangekommen'; ḗlüsi-s f. `Gang, Weg' (ē- nach den Komposita)

Celtic: *lud- etc. > OIr 1 sg. lod, 3 sg. luid, dolluid `ging', 1 pl. -lodmar, 3 pl. lotar; imluadi `setz in Bewegung', forluadi `schwenkt', luaid- `bewegen, erwähnen, äussern'

Russ. meaning: приходить

References: WP II 416 f

Proto-IE: *(e)lewǝdh-

Meaning: man, people

Old Greek: eléu̯thero- `frei', eléu̯thero-s m. `freier Mann'

Slavic: *ljū̀dъ; pl. *ljū̀dī

Baltic: *leud-i- m., *leûd-jā̂ f., *lū̆d-[i]- (Lith AC / Lett CIRC)

Germanic: *liud-i-, *lūd-i- c.

Latin: līberī pl., gen. -um/-ōrum m. `die Kinder'; līber, -era `frei; frei von Leistungen und Zwang', OLat loebertātem `lībertātem'

Other Italic: Falisc loifirtato `Lībertātum ~ Lībertātis', lōferta, loifirta `līberta', Osk <l>úvfríkúnúss `līberigenōs', Paelign loufir `līber'

Russ. meaning: человек, люди (наши)

References: WP II 416 f

Proto-IE: *el-, *ol-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: pron. dem.

Old Indian: {par āri 'im drittletzten Jahre'}

Slavic: *olnī

Latin: ille usw.; uls, ultis 'jenseits', ulter 'jenseitig'; OLat ollus 'ille', ollī 'tunc', ollīc 'illic', ōlim 'einst'; gl. litana "vetusta", olitinata "veterata, antiqua"

Other Italic: Osk últiumam 'ultimam'; Umbr ulo, ulu 'illo, illuc'

Celtic: OIr oll 'amplus', adv. ind-oll 'ultra', ol-chene 'ausserdem sonst', ol-ḟoirbthe 'plusquamperfectum', oldāu, oldaas 'als ich, als er', inill 'sicher' usw.

Russ. meaning: тот

References: WP I 84 f

Comments: Cf. *al- 'other'.

Proto-IE: *em- <PIH *e->

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to take

Hittite: w-emija- (wimija-, umija-) 'finden, treffen' (Friedrich 252)

Slavic: *jьmētī, *jьmāmь; *jьmāti, *jeml'ǭ; *ję̄ti, *jьmǭ

Baltic: *im̃- (pes. *em-a-) vb.

Latin: emo, -ere, ēmī, emptum `nehmen; kaufen'

Other Italic: Osk pertemest `perimet', pertemust `peremerit', peremust `perceperit', pertumúm `perimere'; Umbr emantu(r) `acci[piantur', emps `emptus'

Celtic: OIr ar-fo-emat `sie nehmen', air-i-tiu `acceptio', do-eim `schützt'

Russ. meaning: взять

References: WP I 124 f

Proto-IE: *embh-

Meaning: cloud, stream, foam

Old Indian: abhrá- m. n. `cloud, rainy weather; sky, atmosphere'; ámbhas- n. `water', ámbu n. id.

Avestan: awra- n. 'Wolke'

Other Iranian: MPers namb, nam 'feucht; Feuchtigkeit'

Old Greek: aphró-s m. `Schaum, Geifer'

Latin: nimbus, -ī m. `Sturzregen, Platzregen; Sturm-, Regenwolke'

Celtic: Gaul inter ambes `inter rivos', ambe `rivō'; OBrit Amboglanna `Uferdes Stromes'

Russ. meaning: туча, поток, пена

References: WP I 131 f

Proto-IE: *(e)me-, *(e)me-n-

Meaning: pron. pers. 1 sg

Hittite: ammuk 'mir, mich', -mi 'mein', -mu 'mir, mich', pal. -mu 'mir. mich', luw. -mu id., lyd. amu 'ich, mir', lyk. amu 'ich', emu / ẽmu 'mir' (Tischler 23, Friedrich 141, 144)

Tokharian: *mene- > *mñä- > ñä-, A nä-ṣ (m.), ñ-uk (f.), B ñ-aś (Adams 265)

Old Indian: mā encl.; mām; mé, me; mama; mahya(m) 'me'

Avestan: mā encl., o. mąm; mē, gath. mōi; mana; mā- 'mein'

Other Iranian: OPers gen. maiy; manā

Old Greek: emé, me, emége; moi̯, emói̯; emó-

Slavic: acc. *mę, gen. *mene, dat. *mī

Baltic: *me-, *men-, *man-

Germanic: *mi-ki

Latin: mē(d), mī (OLat gen. mīs); mihi

Other Italic: Umbr mehe

Celtic: OIr me-sse, mē (< *mĕ), Cymr mi, Ir -m- inf., suff.; Cymr myn-, meu-

Albanian: mua; im, geg iem 'mein'

Russ. meaning: 1 ед.

References: WP II 236

Proto-IE: *(e)mey-

Meaning: small, little

Hittite: ammijant- 'klein' (Tischler 22 basically without etymology)

Tokharian: A, B mi- 'hurt, harm (grievously)' (Adams 460)

Old Indian: minoti, minā́ti, mīnāti, pass. mī́yate, mīyáte, ptc. mīta- (in pra-mīta-) `to lessen, diminish, destroy'; manyu-mī- `destroying hostile fury'

Old Greek: minǘthō `geringer werden, dahinschwinden', minǘ-zdēo- = oligóbios Hsch., minǘ-ōro-, minü-ṓrio- `kurze Zeit lebend', adv. mínüntha `eine kleine Weile, nur kurze Zeit'; comp. méi̯ōn, n. mêi̯on `kleiner', mêi̯o-n n. `Kleinvieh (Schaf, Lamm), das an den Apaturien geopfert wurde'

Slavic: *mьnjь(jь)

Germanic: *minn-iz-a- adj., *minn-ist-a- adj., *minnizV, -azV adv.

Latin: minor, -ōris, n. minus `kleiner, geringer', pl. `kleine Leute; Nachkommen'; adv. minus `weniger'; minimus, -a `der kleinste', minister, -trī m. `Diener', minuō, -ere `verkleinern, verringern, minden, schmälern'; adv. nimis `allzusehr', nimius, -a `übermässig unmässig, zu gross'; permitiēs, -ēī f. `Verderben'

Other Italic: Osk menvum `minuere', min<s> `minus', minive `minōre'

Celtic: *min- > Corn minow `verkleinern, mindern', MBret mynhuigenn `mie de pain', Bret minvik `mie de pain'

Russ. meaning: маленький

References: WP II 242

Comments: Note a very frequent -n-suffixation in this root (suggesting that *mein- could be its original shape, with subsequent reanalyses).

Proto-IE: *(e)meyǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to change

Hittite: immija- (I) 'mischen' (Tischler 356-357)

Tokharian: B mi- 'befool, deceive'; ? B mäsk- 'exchange' (Adams 459, 460)

Old Indian: mayate `to exchange, barter', ni-maya- m. `barter, change, exchange'; mení- f. `wrath, vengeance'

Avestan: maēni- `Strafe, Bestrafung'

Slavic: aor. 3 sg. OCS iz-mětъ sę `veränderte sich'; *mēnā, *mēnītī

Baltic: *maĩ-n-a- c., *mai-n-a- c., *maî-n-ā̂, *mai-n-jā̂ (1/2) f., *maî-n-ī̂- (1/2) vb., *mī̂- (2) vb. intr.

Germanic: *mai-n-i- adj., *mai-n-ia- vb.

Latin: mūnis, -e `dienstfertig', commūnis, -e (OLat comoine[m]) `gemeinsam, gemeinschaftlich, allgemein', immūnis, -e `frei von Leistungen, abgabenfrei, undienstfertig, ledigt'; pl. mūnia (OLat moenia) `Leistungen, Pflichten, Berufgeschäfte', mūniceps `Bürger einer Kleinstadt', mūnus, -eris n. (OLat moenus) `Leistung als Aufgabe, Amt, Wirkungskreis, Dienst'

Other Italic: Osk nom. sg. f. múíníkú `communis', múínikad `communi', Umbr muneklu `munus, sportulam'

Celtic: *moin- > OIr mōin, māin `Kostbarkeit, Schatz', dag-mōini `gute Gaben, Wohltaten'

Russ. meaning: менять, давать в замен

References: WP II 240 f

Comments: Cf. 2146

Proto-IE: *en

Meaning: prep./adv.

Hittite: andan 'darin, dazwischen' (Tischler 33-34)

Tokharian: A ane, B eneṃ (PT *ene-) 'within' (adv.) (Adams 83); y(n)- (pref.) 'in, among' (516)

Old Indian: ánīka- m.n. 'face' < *eni-(o)kʷ-; ni- `in, into, within'

Avestan: ainika- `Angesicht' < *eni-(o)kʷ-; *ni- in ni-zonta 'eingeboren, ingenuus' ( = OInd. ni-ja-)

Armenian: i (vor Vokal y); n- 'in'

Old Greek: en, poet éni, ení 'in', *ens (ẹ̄s), énte 'bis'

Slavic: ? *ǭtokъ, *ǭdolь, *onūtjā, *vъn-, *vъ

Baltic: *iñ, *eñ

Germanic: Got usw. in < *eni

Latin: in

Other Italic: Osk en, -en, Umbr en-dendu 'intendito'; -em, -e

Celtic: OIr in- 'in', in- (lenierend < eni: ingen < Ogam ini-gena 'Tochter'), OCymr, OBret en, in 'in', Corn, Bret en, NCymr (in Zs.) yn-, Gaul esseda < *en-sedā, em-brekton

Albanian: iń 'bis'

Russ. meaning: в

References: WP I 125 f

Comments: + *(e)nero- 'innerlich', *enter, *nter 'zwischen-hinein', *entero- 'innerlich', *entos '(von) innen' and *ent-er- 'intestines, entrails'.

piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-greek,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-slav,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,